Machine learning is the study of computational models with paramters that can be optimized in an automated way to improve performance.
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McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5(4), 115–133.
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Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433–460.
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Workshop topics
Automatic Computers
How Can a Computer be Programmed to Use a Language
Neuron Nets
Theory of the Size of a Calculation
Self-Improvement
Abstractions
Randomness and Creativity
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Samuel, A. L. (1959). Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3, 210--229.
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The Jetsons (1962). "Rosie the Robot".
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1964 - 1967. ELIZA. Joseph Weizenbaum.
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1975. Pet Rock.
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1983. Wargames.
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1984. The Terminator.
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1996. Kasparov defeats IBM's Deep Blue.
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1997. Deep Blue defeats Gary Kasporav.
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2007. NVidia CUDA - A software interface for GPUs, making it much easier to write code that is highly parallelized.
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2011. IMB's Watson beats Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in Jeopardy!
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2012. AlexNet.
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2014. PhotoMath.
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2014. Generative Adversarial Networks.
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2013-2015. DARPA Robotics Challenge.
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2016. AlphaGO beats Lee Sudol 4-1 in five game match.
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2017. Attention Is All You Need.
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AlphaFold (2020)
DALL E (2021)
Midjourney (2022)
Stable Diffusion (2022)
Chat GPT (2022)
LLaMA (2023)
Mistral 7B (2023)
Sora (2024)
Gemma (2024)
Arthur Lee Samuel
Hexapawn is a mini chess variant, popularized by Martin Gardner.
White moves first. A piece can either move forward if the space in front of it is empty, or capture an opponent’s piece diagonally.
A player wins when:
One of their pawns reaches the other side
They capture all of their opponent's pieces
It is their opponent's turn and there is no legal move
Each position has a value, and each time a game ends, every position from that game gets +1 for player 1 win, or -1 for player 2 win