Machine Learning

Computing and Data Science
Machine learning is the study of computational models with paramters that can be optimized in an automated way to improve performance.
A brief and selective history of AI

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A brief and selective history of AI

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McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5(4), 115–133.
A brief and selective history of AI

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Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433–460.
A brief and selective history of AI

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Workshop topics
  1. Automatic Computers
  2. How Can a Computer be Programmed to Use a Language
  3. Neuron Nets
  4. Theory of the Size of a Calculation
  5. Self-Improvement
  6. Abstractions
  7. Randomness and Creativity
A brief and selective history of AI

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Samuel, A. L. (1959). Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3, 210--229.
A brief and selective history of AI

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The Jetsons (1962). "Rosie the Robot".
A brief and selective history of AI

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1964 - 1967. ELIZA. Joseph Weizenbaum.
A brief and selective history of AI

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1975. Pet Rock.
A brief and selective history of AI

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1983. Wargames.
A brief and selective history of AI

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1984. The Terminator.
A brief and selective history of AI

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1996. Kasparov defeats IBM's Deep Blue.
A brief and selective history of AI

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1997. Deep Blue defeats Gary Kasporav.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2007. NVidia CUDA - A software interface for GPUs, making it much easier to write code that is highly parallelized.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2011. IMB's Watson beats Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in Jeopardy!
A brief and selective history of AI

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2012. AlexNet.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2014. PhotoMath.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2014. Generative Adversarial Networks.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2013-2015. DARPA Robotics Challenge.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2016. AlphaGO beats Lee Sudol 4-1 in five game match.
A brief and selective history of AI

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2017. Attention Is All You Need.
A brief and selective history of AI

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  • AlphaFold (2020)
  • DALL E (2021)
  • Midjourney (2022)
  • Stable Diffusion (2022)
  • Chat GPT (2022)
  • LLaMA (2023)
  • Mistral 7B (2023)
  • Sora (2024)
  • Gemma (2024)
Arthur Lee Samuel
Hexapawn is a mini chess variant, popularized by Martin Gardner.
White moves first. A piece can either move forward if the space in front of it is empty, or capture an opponent’s piece diagonally. A player wins when:
  1. One of their pawns reaches the other side
  2. They capture all of their opponent's pieces
  3. It is their opponent's turn and there is no legal move


Each position has a value, and each time a game ends, every position from that game gets +1 for player 1 win, or -1 for player 2 win

For Later: Watch Matt Parker